Journal of the Austrian Society of Agricultural Economics (JASAE)

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to analyze the empirical relationships between growth and the contribution of agriculture to GDP, economic growth in general, and the economic development of a country expressed as national per capita income. At the same time, the level of the relevant indicators of Albania is discussed. To this purpose are analyzed the data for 2018 and over 180 countries of the world, using descriptive and statistical regression methods. The study highlights important empirical relationships between these indicators. We estimate that an increase in the per capita income is in an inverse relationship with the growth of agriculture as well as its role in the economy. The study concludes that the higher contribution of agriculture to GDP is a factor that positively affects economic growth. Economic growth is positively related to the growth of the agricultural sector but its effect is inelastic. The analysis of data reveals the relatively poor levels of Albania in terms of per capita income and the high contribution of agriculture to GDP. In addition, it is estimated that Albania's economic and agricultural growth for the year 2018 could have been higher. Based on the level of per capita income, Albania's economic growth could be higher than 4%. To increase the role of agriculture in the economy, the study emphasizes the need for policies aiming at increasing labor and land productivity in agriculture..
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Abstract : Making externally provided support services more accessible to smallholder rice farmers would improve farmer attitude, profits and production efficiency. In this study, the attitude, profitability, and resource use efficiency of smallholder rice farmers in the Sumkar District of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, were investigated. Cross-sectional input-output data collected from 16 farmers were analyzed using Likert scaling to estimate attitude scores, cost accounting to compute costs of production and returns, and a Cobb-Douglas production function to estimate output elasticities and resource use efficiency indices of inputs used. The results indicated that smallholder farmers had favorable attitudes toward rice production, which was economically profitable. However, production was dependent on family labor, which accounted for 75% of the total cost of production. The cash costs incurred for transport accounted for the balance in the cost of production. The elasticity coefficient of land was positive, significant (P<0.01), and greater than 1, indicating an increased productivity effect of land on output milled rice. The elasticity of family labor was negative but significant (P<0.10), indicating a decline in the productivity of this input. The computed resource use efficiency indices indicated that land was over utilized, while labor and transport were underutilized in smallholder rice cultivation. Overall, farmers faced decreasing returns to scale. The management option to improve smallholder farmers’ income, family food security, local production, and reduce rice imports is to improve the efficiency of resource use, access to agricultural extension, rice milling, transport, and marketing services. As the sample size was small, further studies are required..
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Abstract : Red chili is a horticultural commodity that has strategic and economic value. Red chili production is concentrated in certain areas. In addition, the difference in harvest time and its perishable characteristics add to the uncertainty of the amount of supply that can meet the demand for red chili. When there is an imbalance in supply and consumption, it causes parts of Indonesia to experience excess and shortage of red chili which then has an impact on price differences. Price differences lead to inter-provincial trade, thus encouraging market integration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial market integration of red chili producers in Indonesia. The data utilized Agricultural Producer Price Statistics Foodcrops, Horticulture and Smallholder Estate Crops Subsectors from 2008 until 2020. The integration of the red chili commodity market in Indonesia is carried out using the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results indicate that chilies market in Indonesia was spatially integrated. The price information was transmitted along the other regions. The speed of convergence of chilies prices to equilibrium varies. The provinces in Java island has high magnitude of adjustment coefficient..
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Abstract : Potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) [1] (Zeller), is a pest mainly of solanaceous plants, especially for potato crop. In the period of full potato germination, the adult insects after mating begin to lay eggs mainly in leaves or tubers throughout the vegetation. When there are soil cracks or potato seed is sown shallow, moths prefer to lay eggs near potato buds. In the leaves it forms galleries between the two epidermis of the leaf or in the stalk and in the tubule. The damage in the leaves does not turn out to cause major damage, but in potato tubers the damage can go up to 100% of production, both in the field and in the storage. Tubers are damaged by reducing the quantity and quality but also the values as planting material. During the vegetation, the potato crop is damaged by 4 generations of the pest, a fifth generation begins to develop during October in the potato waste left on the ground after harvest, in tobacco, tomatoes, sugar beets, weeds or in storage. Farmers find it very difficult to control the development of this pest, despite the chemical treatments carried out against this pest. Cultivation of resistant species, as well as the application of good agricultural practices such as frequent irrigation with reduced water rates, planting potato seeds at a depth of not less than 10 cm can ensure a good yield. Pest monitoring mainly through sexual pheromone use and the application of chemical treatments immediately after the first larvae hatching from the egg, reduce significantly yield damage in both quantity and quality..
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Abstract : International trade, especially in export transactions, has become a special concern for both the Government and business owners who participate in it. Indonesia as an agricultural country, has agricultural resources that encourage export trade. These agricultural resources are not only sold in raw conditions, but also developed into creative industry products. Rattan is Indonesia's mainstay export commodity, the policy of banning the export of rattan in its raw condition encourages creative industries to process rattan into finished products. There is little literature on international trade in export commodities. In meeting this gap, this study discusses and analyzes more deeply the challenges and strategies of the Indonesian agriculture-based creative industry, especially in the rattan commodity. This study uses a literature review approach from various types of data, with RCA, SWOT, and TOWS analysis approaches..
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