Journal of the Austrian Society of Agricultural Economics (JASAE)

Abstract : Farmers' sources of income come from farming (on-farm) and outside farming (off-farm), therefore each of these sources will determine the amount of income for the farm household. This condition may be related to the role and position of the farmer in the farmer group. Farming management by farmer group administrators is expected to be better because it will provide examples to farmer group members, besides that farmer group administrators are also motivators and dynamics in their groups in adopting new technology. This study aims to determine the farm and off-farm income, the contribution of both incomes to the total income, and the factors that affect the total income of farmer group administrators in Temanggung District. This research method uses descriptive analysis with survey techniques. Sampling of farmer groups and farmer group administrators was carried out in a simple random manner. Data were analyzed using proportion test and multiple linear regression. The results showed that most of the contributions of farming (on farm) by farmer group administrators were high. Age, education and land area had a significant effect on the total income of farmer group administrators, while the number of family members and the number of workers in the household of farmer group administrators had no significant effect on the total income of farmer group administrators..
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Abstract : Many analysis related to the market integration between international crude palm oil and cooking oil prices in Indonesia have been carried out, but no one has included the olein price variable. This research used monthly data for the period of January 2016 - April 2022 from the Ministry of Trade, Republic Indonesia and the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency of the Ministry of Trade. The method utilized is Johansen cointegration, Granger Causality, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), impulse response and variance decomposition. The results show that there is a long-term integration between variables. In the short term, cooking oil prices are influenced by international olein prices, domestic CPO prices, international CPO prices and cooking oil prices one month earlier. Impulse response analysis shows that shocks to international and domestic olein prices have had a major impact on cooking oil prices. This study also found that the effect of international olein prices is greater than international CPO prices and domestic CPO prices. It is advisable to make a policy related to the price of cooking oil by considering domestic and international price of olein..
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Abstract : The research aimed to evaluate of water resources impact on development of agricultural economics in Egypt during the period 2000-2022. So this research based on descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis methods to estimate the proposed regression model. The most important results were, per capita share of available water and relative importance of agricultural production to GDP have taken a statistically decreasing trend, with an annual change rate of about -1.2% and -2% in average respectively. On other hand, agricultural labor, water and land unit productivity have taken a statistically increasing trend, with an annual change rate of about 13%, 12%, and 13% in average respectively during the study period. Also, it was found that a change of 10% in the quantity of water resources used in agriculture leads to a 3% change in cropped area at the same direction, a change of 10% in cropped area leads to a 96% change in agricultural production value at the same direction and a 10% change in agricultural production value leads to a 1.3% change in GDP at the same direction. Accordingly it is recommended to conduct more analytical studies to evaluate water resources impact on development of agricultural economic and, accordingly, on comprehensive economic development..
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Abstract : Natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) has a long gestation period and considerable investments. The regression co-efficient of the small holdings and the estate sector reveals that among the five inputs variables, three variables namely, human labour, plant protection and the number of bearing trees have influence on the gross income of the natural rubber in small holdings and estate sector. The Chow’s test inferred that there is a structural difference in production relation between the two farms in the study area. The test of the stability of intercept and slope revealed that the structural difference existed only at slope level between small holdings and estate sector and not at intercept level. With regard to the marginal value productivity, the marginal value productivities of all factor inputs are found to be positive in both plantations. Hence, it indicates that there is a scope for further increasing the input with profit. The resource use efficiency the ratio of marginal value products to their respective cost, it has been found out that the variables human labour and cost of cultivation practices are under utilised whereas in the case of plant protection, plantation of both the farms have been found to be rational in its use. With regard to the return on the investment of capital the net present value indicated the soundness of investment of the natural rubber cultivation in both the plantations. The investment on the natural rubber in the estate sector has been economically more feasible than in the small holdings. The benefit cost ratio reveals the profitability of natural rubber cultivation in both the plantation in the study area..
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Abstract : The study was carried out in West Waigeo Nature Reserve, Kaptacool, and Wailen Subdistricts, West Salawati District, Raja Ampat Regency. The method used is descriptive with a random representative exploratory technique. The findings show that there are 21 varieties of orchids in three different research sites. In West Waigeo Nature Reserve, we found five genera with 12 types of orchids. The total number of individuals was 756, consisting of 152 Bullbophyllum fritillariiflorum, 140 Bulbophyllum sp, 131 Vanda hinsil Lindl, 114 Bulbophyllum biflorum Teijsm & Bin, 108 Bulbophyllum adelpidium, 23 Grammatophyllum sciptum, 17 Dendrobium lasinthera, 16 Dendrobium sp, 15 Dendrobium anttenatum, 13 Bulbopyllum mirum, and 2 Dendrobium glumacum. In Kapatcool subdistrict forest, we found seven types of orchids consisting of 1 terrestrial and six epiphyte orchids. Their biggest population was Spathoglottis plicata with a total number of 98, followed by Vanda hinsii with the number of 48, Grammatophyllum scriptum with the number of 15, Dendrobium smile with a number of 14, Dendrobium antenantum with the number of 9, Grammatophyllum speciosum with the number of 5, and Bulbophyllum macranthum with the number of 3. While in the forest of Wailen subdistrict, we found 7 varieties of orchids from three different families, namely Dendrobium, Bulbhophylum, and Eria. The biggest population is Dendrobium anttenatum with a total number of 76, followed by 40 D. lawesii, 12 D. aloifolium, 7 Eria pannea, 4 D. mutablie, 3 Bulbophylum. Macranthum, and 2 B. vaginatum, and the total number of orchids in the site was 144..
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